Erikson s Stages Of Development And Child Directed Speech

The first two years of a child’s life is filled with adventure and learning. Throughout this time period they will learn to sit up, crawl, walk, talk, amongst many more things. Their psychological development and interactions with their social environment change along with their forms of communication as they mature and learn; all of which can be seen and explained in Erikson’s stages of development and child-directed speech. According to Erik Erikson, a developmental psychologist and psychoanalyst, from birth to 1 year of age, children psychosocially go through the stage of Trust vs. Mistrust. At this stage infants either trust they will be taken care of in their basic needs such as physical contact, cleanliness, nourishment, and warmth or â€Å"develop mistrust about the care of others† (Berger, pg. 24, 2014). In observation one (infant), it was clear that the child trusted his parents, however, it was especially displayed with his mother. The child’s biggest display of trust was when he fell as he ran towards the playground. He laid there, trusting that his mother would come to his aid and provide his basic needs. She picked him up, wiped his hands and body, kissed his hands, his face and his stomach. This instantly brought his crying to an end, he then leaned into his mother as she kissed his head. In the moment his mother picked him up his needs were met -physical contact, warmth, and c leanliness. By doing the actions that she did, his mother was showing and promotingShow MoreRelatedChild’s Play is Serious Business Essay1611 Words   |  7 Pagesstudied by theorists and recognized as an important tool for adult life. Three theorists that studied children and spent their lives researching how children develop were Erik Erikson, Jean Piaget and Lev Vygotsky. These theorists agreed that from the time a child is two years old, play, communication, and social development set the foundations for their future. These psychologists each have agreeable theories and each had theories that have been challenged by modern day researchers. Play, cultureRead MoreThe Theory Of Developmental Psychology1644 Words   |  7 Pagesjust as well. Paul B. Baltes, has apply the six principles of human development, lifelong, multidimensional, multidirectional, gains and losses, contextual and historical, and multidisciplinary. There are several fields of developmental psychology like Adolescence, Attachment, Cognitive development, Education, and Parenting that will be address. Developmental psychology also examines the nature and nurture of our human development change, by the studies done. Researchers like to see the differenceRead MorePlay in childhood 1379 Words   |  6 Pagesflexible, individualize, grouped, motivating, self-directed, open-ended, or self-directed. (Smith, 2013) (Saskatchewan Ministry of Education, 2010) While playing, children are gaining creative skills for creative development, which enhances the ability of creativity, learning techniques, and academic success. The most important development is cognitive. This development is vital for school success. Cognitive development enables a child to solve problems, mentally plan, self-monitor, rememberRead MoreHeredity vs. Environment in Human Development Essay example2307 Words   |  10 PagesHuman Development Nature- inborn traits and characteristics inherited from parents Nurture- environmental influences, both before and after birth ACTIVE (organism) VS PASSIVE (mechanistic) Organismic- People are active growing organisms that set their own development in motion ACT not react to environmental influences *cannot predict behavior by simple responses to environmental stimulus Emphasize qualitative change, see development occurring in STAGES each s stageRead MoreTheories On Personality And Personality2396 Words   |  10 Pagesdifferent theories on personality and how personalities develops from childhood to adulthood. Alfred Adler, Alderian Psychology focuses on people’s effort to compensate for their self-perceived inferiority to others. 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As I observe in terms of turn-taking, I realizeRead MoreClient Presentation And Service Delivery10192 Words   |  41 PagesChanging Life 6 Stages of Human Development 7 Physical Development†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦....8 Psychological Development Social Development Cognitive Development Affective Development Theories that Inform Community Services Practice 10 Attachment Theory Trauma Trauma Theory Identify Relevant Support for Clients 12 Outcomes Measurement Tools 15 ABAS-II – Adaptive Behaviour Assessment System The Griffith Mental Development Scales (GMDS) The Bayley Scales of Infant Development (Bayley-III) SensoryRead MorePsychology Workbook Essay22836 Words   |  92 PagesI. 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However, the different ethnicRead Morewisdom,humor and faith19596 Words   |  79 Pages32-33. â€Å"When people ask me if theres an afterlife, I answer, ‘If I knew, I would tell you.’† Art Buchwald,  Too Soon to Say Goodbye (2006), 29. ——————————————— â€Å"I can’t imagine a wise old person who can’t laugh.† So said psychologist Erik Erikson, and many wisdom researchers say the same about a wise person of any age.1 But the more we look at the connection between wisdom and humor, the more we realize the subject cannot be adequately addressed without also dealing with faith and religion

U.s. Sarbanes Oxley Act - 1611 Words

The world has witnessed a series of corporate bankruptcies in the recent decades like Enron, Lehman Brothers Inc, Global Crossings, and Tyco in the USA; HIH in Australia, Parmalat in Italy, APP in Asia, and Islamic bank Ltd. of South Africa. These collapses have weakened and shaken the confidence of shareholders, debtors, governmental institutions, and other similar relevant stakeholders in corporate governance (CG) and the stock markets, and led to regulating many reforms and codes of best governance practices all over the world, to strengthen transparency and restore confidence in financial markets (Barros et al., 2013). For instance, after the financial failure of Enron and dissolution of Arthur Anderson; one of the five largest audit and accountancy partnerships in the world, U.S enacted the Sarbanes-Oxley act of 2002; France regulated the financial security law of 2003, as many other countries developed a set of regulations in the aftermath of huge corporate scandals. In Additi on, the integration and globalization of financial markets also has given significance and highlighted the importance of CG as claimed by Srinivasan Srinivasan (2011). Consequently, many studies on the CG have justified their argument on the existence of information asymmetry between managers and stockholders of the company based on the agency theory, which is defined as a contract under which one party (the principal) delegates another party (agent) to perform some services on their behalfShow MoreRelatedSarbanes Oxley Act1322 Words   |  6 PagesSarbanes-Oxley Act The Sarbanes-Oxley is a U.S. federal law that has generated much controversy, and involved the response to the financial scandals of some large corporations such as Enron, Tyco International, WorldCom and Peregrine Systems. These scandals brought down the public confidence in auditing and accounting firms. The law is named after Senator Paul Sarbanes Democratic Party and GOP Congressman Michael G. Oxley. It was passed by large majorities in both Congress and the Senate and coversRead MoreSarbanes Oxley Act and the PCAOB Essay1661 Words   |  7 PagesThe Sarbanes-Oxley Act Overview: The development of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) was a result of public company scandals. The Enron and Worldcom scandals, for example, helped investor confidence in entities traded on the public markets weaken during 2001 and 2002. Congress was quick to respond to the political crisis and enacted the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, which was signed into law by President Bush on July 30 (Edward Jones, 1), to restore investor confidence. In reference to SOX, penaltiesRead MoreSarbanes Oxley Act of 2002: A Response to High-profile Corporate Failures1919 Words   |  8 PagesSurbanes Oxley Act 2002 Historical forces have a way of acting in concert, even when propelled by markedly different factors. In the United States, a spate of astonishing high-profile corporate failures have shaken investor confidence and placed corporate fraud and accounting abuses center stage before the public and its governmental representatives. The legislative response to these events was the rapid passage of the Sarbanes- Oxley Act (the Act) of 2002, which virtually overnight transformedRead MoreThe Implications of the Sarbanes Oxley Act on the Accounting Profession755 Words   |  4 PagesThe Implications of the Sarbanes Oxley Act on the Accounting Profession Abstract On July 30, 2002, the Sarbanes Oxley Act (also known as SOX) was signed into law by President George W. Bush. The Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002 is a federal law that set new or improved standards for all U.S. public company boards, management and public accounting firms. Covered in the eleven titles are additional corporate board responsibilities, auditing requirements and criminal penalties. ThisRead MoreSarbanes Oxley Outline676 Words   |  3 PagesThe Ineffectiveness of the Sarbanes Oxley Act In Corporate Management and Accounting In the early 1990s, a young company named Enron was quickly moving up Fortune magazine’s chart of â€Å"America’s Most Innovative Company.† As the corporate world began to herald Enron as the next global leader in business, a dark secret loomed on the horizon of this great energy company. Aggressive entrepreneurs eager to push the company’s stock price higher and a series of fraudulent accounting procedures involvingRead MoreAcc499 Written Assignment1534 Words   |  7 Pagessecretly funneled millions of shares of the company’s stock to entities in Gibraltar which they secretly controlled. Those entities then sold off the stocks and had the funds transferred to people and companies associated with Mr. Lee and Mr. Boyne (U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, 2012). The Securities and Exchange Commission charged three executives of Electronic Game Card Inc. and their independent auditor with continually lying to investors about the operations and financial conditionRead MoreLge 500 Week 10 Discussion 12 Essay2300 Words   |  10 PagesUnderlying Causes Please respond to the following: Analyze at least three underlying causes for the creation of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. Next, rank the causes that you have analyzed from the most important to the least important to the creation of the Act. Explain your rationale. In the later part of 1990s, there was an epidemic of accounting scandals which arose with the disclosure of financials transgressions by trusted corporate executives. The misdeeds involved misusing or misdirectingRead MoreEnron Research Paper3111 Words   |  13 PagesENRON amp; THE INTRODUCTION OF THE SARBANES OXLEY ACT BY TREVOR GARRETT 02/25/2011 Abstract Enron Corporation was one of the largest energy trading, natural gas and Utilities Company in the world that was based in Huston, Texas. The downfall of Enron is one of the most infamous and shocking events in the financial world, and its reverberations were felt around the globe. Prior to its collapse in 2001, Enron was one of the leading companies in the U.S and considered among top 10 admiredRead MoreAnalysis of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act3143 Words   |  13 PagesAnalysis of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act Abstract The Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) was enacted in July 30, 2002, by Congress to protect shareholders and the general public from fraudulent corporate practices and accounting errors and to maintain auditor independence.    In protecting the shareholders and the general public the SOX Act is intended to improve the transparency of the financial reporting.    Financial reports are to be certified by the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and Chief Financial OfficerRead MoreSox Research Paper2060 Words   |  9 PagesSeminar in Accounting ACC499 004016 Summer 2009 Nonprofits and the Sarbanes Oxley Act Submitted: Submitted to: Tee M. Thein Table of Contents Abstract Introduction SOX regulations for nonprofits Reasons for nonprofits to adopt SOX Conclusion Research file memorandum Communication memorandum References Abstract Introduction The Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) of 2002 (U.S. House of Representatives 2002) was passed by congress as a result of

Management Techniques Free Essays

Moreover, the manager hired also needs to have experience in planning, organizing, leading, and controlling a new service department in order to provide excellent customer service. Based on these qualifications, the following five questions will help determine If this candidate can take charge, organize things, and get people motivated and working again In a Service Department: 1 . Can you tell me of a situation wherein you think you’re going to fall, but you were able to reverse the situation and succeed? Can you tell me what you did? (Burblers, 2004) This question ill assess the candidate’s temperament particularly how he acts under pressure. We will write a custom essay sample on Management Techniques or any similar topic only for you Order Now Moreover, the answers provided will also indicate the level of the candidate’s planning, organizing, leading and controlling skills as solving a dilemma successfully requires a more than average skills in these functions. 2. â€Å"Tell me about the most different employee situation you have ever had to handle. What did you do about it, what was the result† (Kodak, p. 39). This question will help me determine the candidate’s core competencies as regards motivating people and getting available resources at hand to get the Job done. 3. We all feel that we are unique In our accomplishments; can you tell me an Instance that you feel Is unique? This question will help In assessing the confidence of the candidate on himself. A manager to be an effective leader, must exude confidence, otherwise his staff will not have confidence on his ability to lead them as well. 4. Tell me about a time when you turned down a good job. The answer will help me assess whether the candidate can actually deliver results. 5. Tell me what you have done on a consistent basis to ensure that your staff or direct report feel valued for their contributions. The candidate’s answer will help me determine the level of the candidate’s interpersonal skills specifically his behavior towards people working under him. The way the candidate answers the above questions will help the hiring manager assess his communication and interpersonal skills. In looking for the right person to fill the position of manager for the new department, that person must show above average skills and capabilities In managing people particularly In directing them towards the attainment of the organization’s goals. This is important since the division that the manager will be meaning Is a new one, tune tans could De Klan to uncreated territories. Lastly’ t person must also be experienced in exploring new things and being comfortable outside his comfort zone. How to cite Management Techniques, Essays

Develop a Plan for Famous Financial Corporation Computer Investigatio

Question: Describe about the Develop a Plan for Famous Financial Corporation? Answer: Introduction Computer forensics is known as the branch of science which deals with the investigation of digital devices which is very much related to the computer crime. The digital forensics is also known as the computer forensics that has now become to extension of all devices that are capable of pile up the data (Bauchner, 2006). With amount of rise in the cyber crimes in US and European nations, most of the nations has build a special task force called the digital forensic investigations team that take part in the investigating the criminal law against those who are violates their civil rights of using the computer. The study will focus on the famous financial corporation whose has been failing to track the unauthorized the money transfer to recipients. Apart from that, the study also focuses on the specific digital forensic investigations (Clarke, 2010). Here, the famous financial company is being unauthorized funds is being shifted in the sales department who is not informed any of the department. This problem is caused by computer hacking and breaching firewall system of financial company (Easttom Taylor, 2011). However, lack of the information about the unknown recipient is one of the major problems for the company. Since, as an head of information protection department of famous corporation, the duty to find the department where the fund has been transferred (Hoog McCash, 2011). It is one of the major responsibility which is given by the senior VP HR manager of the company. Digital forensic investigations In order to catch a unwanted recipient who is doing the unauthorized cash transaction from the one department another, in this case sales department. Therefore as the head of information protection department (IPD), with use of several tools and techniques from the various sources would help the investigation more in depth which will give an insight of the cyber thief who is creating problem for the company (Prosise Mandia, 2003). As a head of the company, using the existing personnel to engage in the process of finding the actual recipient who has been breaching the secured robust firewall system of the company is initial step. Digital forensic technician: One of the major works of the digital forensic technician is to gather the information and proof from the area of crime scene. The technician will take every code or breaching code used by the unauthorized recipient along with other samples (Shinder Tittel, 2002). Technician will be carrying out live investigation of the data with help of various tool such as Microsoft COFEE. Apart from that, the technician will also use the various hard drive and also track down the IP address in order to check where the exact location of cyber thief. Besides that, digital media instrument will help the technician to collect the data of crime which will help in further investigations (Vacca, 2005). Digital verification inspector: Digital forensic investigator is very much has expertise in the field of collecting the digital evidence. In the broader sense the evidence officer will be using his computer forensic to find out the exact breach of password for the company (Vacca Rudolph, 2011). Apart from that, the evidence examiner wil also be taking finger prints of the employees and managers along with DNA evidence in order to check the last server user. One of the major principles of the digital verification is that every information is written in binary units 1and 0 that can be saved to break the code or softwares. In order to finding this type of saved instruction, mainframe computer will be needed to be investigate as an evidence (Hatch, 2008). There has been several computer fraudulent has been happened since 1970s for instance, Flagler dog track in Florida, USA has innovated the print fake winning tickets. This has created a new law called the computer crime act which is based on the unauthorized used of the computer crime. Digital evidence as per the examiner will be identified in the computer hard drive and other apparatus of computer. This will also includes the thumb drives and the other removable drives like pen drive or the CD ROM etc (Sarkar, 2013). Strategy for conducting the investigation The digital investigation would be conducted on the digital forensic investigations irrespective of the internal manpower fraudulent case or inspecting the access to server who is stealing the money their own department. Some of the major strategy used by the IPD during the time of their investigation are given below: Data collection strategy Taking charge of full evidence: One of the major first step is to taking the charge of the entire crime scene by seizing all of the evidence. With the help of consulting with technician ask him/her to take the required peripheral from the scene. Take permission from the manager before seizing the evidence (Thakkar, 2010). Entire suspect and witness must be removed near evidences. Entire information regarding the LAN including the passwords, operating system email address must be gather as the information required for further investigations. Handling of the evidence: While reaching at the scene seek as the evidence is it is for instance of the computer is in the turn on then dont turn off the computer. If the computer is being turn off then while turning it on then read the and save the encryptions software installed on the mainframe of the computer (Tipton Krause, 2012). While doing the forensic methods to collect the encrypted data before shutting down the PC then analyses the power needed for the device with its existing memory system and follow the protocols or norms while handling these devices as an evidence. After that, taking photo graph of the computer and its area and make the videos of the computer connections environment. Note down the pre loss of the damage of the any kind of evidence. Cut the Computer network: Make the computer standalone by disconnecting the entire power sources and along with that if there is laptop then remove the battery. Fixing of the power plug connector on the flipside of the device will help analyse the last used IP address (Al Ameen et al. 2013). Apart from that, remove every kind of wire from the computer and place the tape of evidence over the power plug in the reverse side of the computer in order to identify the file sharing process during the 4 days by the computers or by any of the network. Network server of the computer must be taken into consideration to capture the volatile data for the company. As given most of the TV services, the forensic evidence must be taken consideration before going for the final check. Every set of evidence must be protected as set of evidence in future. With the help of appropriate way of packaging of evidence via practice bags, or paper bag, sealed the computer peripherals from connected rot the power (Antoniou et al. 2008). Peripheral with volatile memory must be kept packaged appropriately to maintain with safety and precautions. Lastly, quintessentially logistics of the digital evidence must be kept safely in order to prevent it from any kind of damages or the from the magnetic products or from the fire etc in order secure the required the data safely. Equipment arrangements: Coming at this phase, devices are used to collect the data from the hardware and softwares for the forensic imaging or analysis based on the evidence collected. Devices must be reviewed and documented to make sure that proper performance is maintained (Ballou Gilliland, 2011). Only those devices will be employed that are helpful for operating at the crime scene. With the help of various software system the investigation can be completed some of the major devices for investigations are given below : SANS SIFT: It is one of the major forensic technology kit which based on the live streaming of CD that includes entire tools and is necessary at the time of conducting the investigations. The software is very much compromises of the Witness format and advanced forensic format and RAW verifications format (Brueckner et al. 2008). This help to use the documentations on the desktop to help to become accustomed to what are those tools that are used on behalf of them. Volatility: It is one of the major forensics memory structure for the incident response of the unauthorized the hacking of the codes which helps to identify the codes which is majorly dump by RAM. Volatility helps to execute the version of windows and check the folder to malware of the password hacking to know the exact place of from where the code is coming from. Forensic imaging strategies: Here the team would be using the document is used based on the present condition of evidence. While doing the prevention must be taken to less exposure of the proof because of the problem of the contaminations from the hazardous chemical or the fire. Some of the ethical code of conduct must be maintained while examining the forensic evidence which is to following the honesty and integrity while investigations of the evidence within their packaging (Casey, 2013). Lack proper packaging of the any kind of evidence can creates problem for the examiner in future. Moreover, some of the peripheral like hardware and software write blockers are being used to prevent the evidence from being destroyed or being modified. Apart from that, forensic images must be captured of hard ware and softwares which is capable of bit stream images of original media (Guo Slay, 2010). The digital form of the evidence must be examined or maintained via data is preserved. Forensic images must be kept in the archive to maintain the future reference in case of another un-authorization for the hacking the firewall system of the famous, financial company. Build extractor: It is one of the major device which scan the disc image, file and or dig out the information such as the email address of the unauthorized person, IP address and URL of the hacker which will help the department to understand the actual series of information that has been used by the companies (Kenneally, 2005). The extracted information will be in the high encryption code which will be in the form of binary numbers. Forensic analysis strategy: It is one of the major methods of the documentation that is provided to determine the actual method of procedure that is needed to finish the part of the investigations and determine legal authority that includes examinations. Some of the major examples for the authority been consent are taken by the manager of the company, or the directive given by the board of the directors or by the third party by warrant (Lim et al. 2012). Consideration must be taken before commencing the investigation in order make them understand the need of the of information. An investigation most be based on the examiner and the requestor along with that investigation also must be conducted on the basis of the original proof and investigations to image files (Nogueira Celestino Jnior, 2009). With the help of appropriate form of control and standard during the time of investigations would help the IPD to solve the problem and submits the report on the basis of logical and systematically. Figure 1: Framework of digital forensic investigations (Source: Schmitknecht, 2004, pp-178) Documentations: After doing all of the above strategy, a document is formed that will includes: -Print copy of permission gained by the manager and owner of the company -Sequence of detention and seizing of peripherals (Sealey, 2004). -Total evidence must be counted -Information about the packaging and receipt and the total returning materials (Spruill Pavan, 2007). -description of evidence and -Communication about the culprit and case history The dements must be able to answer the question regarding the original theft , the culprit and expertise in the areas of making the security firewall system more strong softwares etc. the document must have contained the. Reports submissions: While submitting the reports some of the major examination of the reporters must be take care in order to maintain the protocol of the company information. The report must be comprises of various information regarding the reason of failure of the security system and the unauthorized people who has breaching the code or the password of the company to conduct burglary (Thompson, 2005).. -The report must contain the reason for the breaching the current firewall system . -The report must be continued or issued to address the requestor needs. -The report will give insight information in a very much clear and concise manner (V.Kayarkar, Ricchariaya Motwani, 2014). Forensic investigating steps for collecting the data NYPD (New York police department) forensic team will be handling the process of the collecting the information in order to catch the real culprit who has been transferring the money from one department to another without consent of the manager (Yusoff, Ismail Hassan, 2011). Since, the famous financial corporations is been facing the loss of the fund from one department to another , therefore the company I has hired the IPD and NYPD to collect the data for professional purpose. The data will be collected from the computer and its network will be based on the internal drives the accept media such as CD or pen drive along with USB along with memory card (airccse.org,. 2015). These external storage system is been used to hack the funding process without un-authorizing from the company. Apart from that, there has been other possible data which can be gained via various sources of data that is attached to the devices. One of the major sources of informations would be coming from the network programming like LAN and, WAN or WiFi etc. The data collected must be aware of the organizational policy and as well legal authority of their power while collecting the data (Yusoff, Ismail Hassan, 2011). Besides that, the situation of collecting the data can be even more complicated if the company location of the network is outside the organizations but since the incident is been take place within the departments (Finance to sales) shows that , collecting the data from one PC to another is one of the most difficult task. As per argument against the fourth amendment , computer can be used by various person even though it is an organization. Computer files and the fourth amendment does not specifically is been used in the cyber caf or the any other IP address . Since, the crime has occurred with the organizations, it will very easy for the examiner and the NYPD forensic department to collect the data (Ballou Gilliland, 2011). However, for NYPD entrance a warrant will be required in order to seize the computer. In spite of that, collection of data will be possible because the increase of emergency the fourth amendment gives the exceptions. Under the fourth amendment, forensic of NYPD will get free reign at looking of the computers files without the warrant from the court (Brueckner et al. 2008). Some of the major steps in the data collection are given below: The data can be acquired from the sources via three step process. Developing a plan to acquire data, acquire data and verification of the reliability of data a.Planning to collect the data: While making the plan, it is very much important to identify the sources of data information. The examiner can identify the data as per their priority and need for the investigations. Some of the major important factors are given below: Likely value: It is based on the understanding of the current situation of the problems and also based on the previous department (Casey, 2013). The examiner of the data must collect the data which relatively likely data sources. Volatility: Volatility of data here is based on the live system which is has been damage during the time of computer power off. Acquiring of the volatile data must be given major priority that the non volatile data (Guo Slay, 2010). Non volatile data of famous financial corporation would be helpful to analyses exact happenings. Efficiency needed : One of the major efficacy is been required to acquire of the data is time and at this stage time is money for the company. The time spent in equipment to take out the volatile and non volatile information along with new router takes longer time to capture the information (Kenneally, 2005). b.Data acquiring: The NYPD and IPD must look to acquire the data via various security tools like DRS or other forms of securing the data. Forensics can use their power of fourth amendment to use the forensic tool to collect the volatile and non volatile data by various sources. Data can be acquired via local method or over network (Lim et al. 2012). While acquisition of data over network , the judgment must be made as per the necessity of data and the attempt given on finding that. c.Verifying the reliability of the data: After the acquisition of data , it relevancy of the data is must be analysed. This is because the examiner and forensic analyst must confirm or sure that data is not been tampered (Nogueira Celestino Jnior, 2009). Data integrity very much suggest that, it consist of the several tools and copy the data from original digest data with the copied data. While doing so, several other steps must be taken into account to go detail investigations of the data which will show the information about the each tool discussed. The collected evidence must be well photographed and to show the visa evidence and monitor the entire information which will give direct access to the informations (Schmitknecht, 2004). For instance, if the computer on then it must be password protected in order to assess the actual information which will help the investigator for future reference. Formulation of plan for improving the weak security measures Make connection to secure network: One of the major step that should be taken by the famous financial company is to connect the serve in the most secured network. While connect with the LAN or the router, company should look to consult with company to access the best sure network. The configuration of the wireless network must be WPA 2-AES encryptions in order to maintain the data confidentiality (Sealey, 2004). Apart from that, company also should look to change their default username and password to manage the publications. Moreover, conduct MAC to filter the address while engaging the wireless SSID for instance, Small office /Home Office Router security. Build a strong firewall system: Building the strong and robust firewall system in order to manage and control the malware. Besides that, in order to build the strong firewall system ,company should look to use the high configuring firewall system like AsK5 , Cisco and Windows firewall system are some of the most secured firewall network within the system (Spruill Pavan, 2007). Moreover, building the firewall system and conducting the strong password arrangement which is only known by the managers of the company is one of the major way to stop the funds transfer without consent of the organizations. Training the existing employees: Check the employees background and train them enough to work as per company objectives. In order to improve reduce the theft and burglary from one department to another, company need to make strict policy and procedure. The strict policy and procedure of caught for guilty then as per the fourth amendment norms, employee will fired and sentenced for more than 15 years. With the help of setting of ethical code of conduct for personal use of internet will be punished by the company. The procedure will helps the company preserve from the misuses of the internet access (Thompson, 2005). Limited use of the professional access to the employee will give the company enough scope to create the fear in the employee of misusing of the internet within the organsiations (V.Kayarkar, Ricchariaya Motwani, 2014). In fact impact of fourth amendment will give the NYPD and other forensic department to search the computer without any kind of warrant. Conclusion From the above, informations, it has been found that, Famous financial company is been facing illegal transfer of money from one department to another without any kind of consent is been one of the major issue for the company. With the help of the help of forensic investigation of computer and network the company will be able to know the exact place the amount has been transferred. With the help of various process like seizing of data , handling of evidence of the data and standalone data helps the company analyze the actual process of the infestations. The process of investigation has given enough evidence that the amount has been gone to the sales department of the FFC. Apart from that, another major method collection of data like identifying of the possible sources of data , acquiring the data and relevancy of data is required to understand the actual data process. Most of all the investigation would be completed with NYPD with legal actions via fourth amendment policy. The fourth amendment is one of the major legal activities which suggest that, in case of emergency the NYPD forensic can check the computer or file or another other things without any kind of warrant. In order to improve the security system of the company, secure network system is implemented. Reference List Books Bauchner, E. (2006). Computer investigation. Philadelphia: Mason Crest Publishers. Clarke, N. (2010). Computer forensics. Ely: IT Governance Pub. Easttom, C., Taylor, J. (2011). Computer crime, investigation, and the law. Boston, Mass.: Course Technology PTR/Cengage Learning. Hoog, A., McCash, J. (2011). Android forensics. Waltham, MA: Syngress. Prosise, C., Mandia, K. (2003). Incident response computer forensics. New York: McGraw-Hill/Osborne. Shinder, D., Tittel, E. (2002). Scene of the cybercrime. Rockland, MA: Syngress Pub. Vacca, J. (2005). Computer forensics. Hingham, Mass.: Charles River Media. Vacca, J., Rudolph, K. (2011). System forensics, investigation, and response. Sudbury, MA: Jones Bartlett Learning. Hatch, B. (2008). Hacking exposed Linux. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. Sarkar, P. (2013). VMware vCloud Security. Birmingham: Packt Publishing. Thakkar, J. (2010). Securing cognitive radios with a policy enforcer and secure inter-component transport mechanisms. [Blacksburg, Va.: University Libraries, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. Tipton, H., Krause, M. (2012). Information Security Management Handbook, Fifth Edition. Hoboken: Taylor and Francis. Journals Al Ameen, Z., Bin Sulong, G., Md. Johar, M. (2013). Computer Forensics and Image Deblurring: An Inclusive Investigation. IJMECS, 5(11), 42-48. doi:10.5815/ijmecs.2013.11.06 Antoniou, G., Sterling, L., Gritzalis, S., Udaya, P. (2008). Privacy and forensics investigation process: The ERPINA protocol. Computer Standards Interfaces, 30(4), 229-236. doi:10.1016/j.csi.2007.10.008 Ballou, S., Gilliland, R. (2011). Emerging paper standards in computer forensics. Digital Investigation, 8(2), 96-97. doi:10.1016/j.diin.2011.05.017 Brueckner, S., Guaspari, D., Adelstein, F., Weeks, J. (2008). Automated computer forensics training in a virtualized environment. Digital Investigation, 5, S105-S111. doi:10.1016/j.diin.2008.05.009 Casey, E. (2013). Triage in digital forensics. Digital Investigation, 10(2), 85-86. doi:10.1016/j.diin.2013.08.001 Guo, Y., Slay, J. (2010). Testing Forensic Copy Function of Computer Forensics Investigation Tools. Journal Of Digital Forensic Practice, 3(1), 46-61. doi:10.1080/15567280903521392 Kenneally, E. (2005). The Internet is the computer: The role of forensics in bridging the digital and physical divide. Digital Investigation, 2(1), 41-44. doi:10.1016/j.diin.2005.01.011 Lim, S., Yoo, B., Park, J., Byun, K., Lee, S. (2012). A research on the investigation method of digital forensics for a VMware Workstations virtual machine. Mathematical And Computer Modelling, 55(1-2), 151-160. doi:10.1016/j.mcm.2011.02.011 Nogueira, J., Celestino Jnior, J. (2009). Autonomic Forensics a New Frontier to Computer Crime Investigation Management. The International Journal Of Forensic Computer Science, 29-41. doi:10.5769/j200901003 Schmitknecht, D. (2004). Building FBI computer forensics capacity: one lab at a time. Digital Investigation, 1(3), 177-182. doi:10.1016/j.diin.2004.07.007 Sealey, P. (2004). Remote forensics. Digital Investigation, 1(4), 261-265. doi:10.1016/j.diin.2004.11.002 Spruill, A., Pavan, C. (2007). Tackling the U3 trend with computer forensics. Digital Investigation, 4(1), 7-12. doi:10.1016/j.diin.2006.12.001 Thompson, E. (2005). MD5 collisions and the impact on computer forensics. Digital Investigation, 2(1), 36-40. doi:10.1016/j.diin.2005.01.004 V.Kayarkar, P., Ricchariaya, P., Motwani, A. (2014). Mining Frequent Sequences for Emails in Cyber Forensics Investigation. International Journal Of Computer Applications, 85(17), 1-6. doi:10.5120/14930-3332 Yusoff, Y., Ismail, R., Hassan, Z. (2011). Common Phases of Computer Forensics Investigation Models. International Journal Of Computer Science And Information Technology, 3(3), 17-31. doi:10.5121/ijcsit.2011.3302 Websites https://airccse.org,. (2015). COMMON PHASES OF COMPUTER FORENSICS INVESTIGATION MODELS. Retrieved 20 March 2015, from https://www.oas.org/juridico/spanish/cyb_best_pract.pdf

Are You Certified Essays - CompTIA, Professional Certification

Are You Certified Essays - CompTIA, Professional Certification Are You Certified The impact of technology in our lives has grown exponentially over recent years. The demand for better, faster, more productive software and hardware equipment has increased the need for more experienced and better qualified IT (Information Technology) specialists. These IT professionals must possess a degree of knowledge and expertise that sets them apart from others in their field. One way industry has set the standard in recruiting such specialized individuals is certification. Certifications are offered in a variety of specialty areas. Microsoft Certified Solutions Developer is one of many certifications offered by Microsoft (MCSD). The MCSD is in the area of coding, analysis, debugging and testing of applications. Another is A+ Certification sponsored by CompTIA that certifies the competency of entry-level service technicians in the computer industry. A more prestigious certification is the Cisco Certified Internetworking Expert, which yields one of the highest salary compensations but is also more difficult to obtain. These aforementioned certifications are only three of the several offered by Microsoft, Cisco, Novell, and Oracle. So what if these certifications are well known to the industry; so what if the companies that are known and respected worldwide back them. Are they the big deal that everyone claims they are? The answer to that is yes, and for several reasons. Becoming certified can enhance job opportunities, assert proof of professional achievement, and increase salary probability. Certification is a practical means of assessing skills and experience. According to KB Learning Centers, Inc., Many employers give preference in hiring applicants with certification. They view this as proof that a new hire knows the procedures and technologies required. For people new to the industry, certification can be used to measure their standing and provide a starting point for building their professional careers. It is also true that many employers and human resource officers will view certifications as a deciding factor between several applicants. For those who are already in the industry certification can help career advancement and compensation. These professionals are recognized for specialized knowledge in their choice of specialty areas. Certification may be a plus to seasoned veterans when an employer awards job advancements and promotions. Employers are looking for ways to assure they hire qualified people to administer computer networks and design custom applications . Becoming certified is also recognized proof of professional achievement. Membership in a distinctive peer group made up of fellow professionals. These individuals have dedicated huge amounts of time and effort in preparation for the certification exams. Often, when being considered for additional in house or vendor training, certification may be required as a prerequisite, so employers will offer advanced training to those employees who are already certified. As the general public learns about certification, customeivity, plus minimize network downtime. Information Week's Emily Kay notes that Companies that don't support certification spend nearly $14,000 more dealing with network downtime and PC support costs. according to IDC. According to a recent survey by Deloitte & Touche Consulting Group of 1,442 CIOs, seven out of ten companies worldwide are having difficulty in finding the skilled IS staffers they require. And, more than 80% of those surveyed said they expect their client/server expenditures to increase in the following year. So, companies that support employee certification can operate their networks more effectively, plus take advantage of the cost savings that come with improved efficiency. Now more than ever, professionals need certification and corporations need individuals with certification. Statistics say you'll make more money MCP Magazine has produced salary surveys for three years, tracking the average salaries of Microsoft Certified Professionals. The verdict - MCP's make more than their non-certified counterparts (of comparable age and experience). The average salary of MCP's increased over 10% from 1996 to 1997. But network administration isn't the only reason to become certified. Because NT has been gaining steam in the corporate world, so have the Back Office suite of products - SMS, Exchange, SQL Server, as well as Web-enabled products like Internet Information Server and Merchant Server. These products offer enterprises a turnkey solution to many IT needs, and these enterprises need people who know them inside and out. Having certification on your resume greatly increases your marketability to your current, or to a potential, employer. Why Become

Asteroid Collision essays

Asteroid Collision essays Throughout the long history of the Earth, the planet has been struck a number of times by rogue asteroids. I will briefly discuss the effect that such an event could have on the Earths climate, atmosphere and temperature. A number of problems could arise from such an event, many of which could extend far beyond the immediate strike. The Earths biosphere could also be significantly impacted by the long-term effects of a meteorite strike. Finally, we will briefly look at the likelihood of future impact, plus some past near misses. The effects that an asteroid striking the Earth would have are many and varied and mostly depend on the size of the object impacting the ground. The smallest classification of asteroids, ranging in sizes between 10 to 100 meters in diameter would have little long term affect outside the strike zone. A meteorite of this size could cause damage equal to that of a nuclear explosion and cause massive damage and loss of life if it struck a major population center. An object between 100 meters and 1 kilometer is a greater danger. Even at the smaller end of the scale a strike on land could create a crater 3 kilometers wide as well as eject debris 10 kilometers away. Get close to an object of 1 kilometer wide and the zone of destruction could conceivably cover a small country as well as cause minor damage on a global scale. A strike in the ocean would create large tidal waves which would devastate coastal areas many miles inland. If the same meteorite struck land, the vast amounts o f dust thrown into the atmosphere could cool down temperatures on Earth and kill up to tens of millions of people. Finally, the largest scale of asteroids range from 1 to 10 kilometers. The impact from an object of this size could create a crate up to 15 times the diameter of the object itself and cause massive damage even to continental landmasses. Ocean impacts would cause tidal waves never seen before that coul...

Entertainment Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

Entertainment Law - Essay Example The prime intention of the law concerning intellectual property is to defend the producers along with other creators involved in making intellectual based goods or services through providing them with certain time-restricted rights. The law relating to intellectual property aims at fostering fair trade which would in turn contribute towards making superior financial along with social advancements by a significant level (WIPO, n.d.). Discussion In order to determine the impact of intellectual property law upon the organisers, participants and spectators of festivals in the United Kingdom, it can be apparently observed that the aforesaid law supports the development of the UK in terms of encouraging innovation concerning the application of pioneering technologies in any business field. Furthermore, the law relating to IP in the UK tends to lessen the risks involved in inventing as well as generating new products or brands, stimulate innovation and most significantly facilitate greater financial growth at large. Thus, on a positive note, it can be affirmed that IP law plays a decisive role towards the development of the UK by a greater degree (Hargreaves, 2011). It is worth mentioning that IP law can be duly considered as one of the vital areas of business law which largely affects the organisers, participants and the spectators of the festivals in the UK. This can be justified with reference to the fact that there lays several issues related to IP that generally erupt while conducting festivals in the UK. In this regard, one of the crucial IP related issues can be demonstrated as the unofficial recording of any festival performance in the form of photography or sound recordings. From the viewpoint of the organisers relating to IP law, the protection of IP at any festival by adopting as well as executing effective IP tools comprising copyright, trademarks and performers’ rights can affect or impose extensive impact especially upon the organisers of festival s in the UK by a certain degree. In relation to the participants, the IP law can affect them in terms of providing warning to them and the media regarding the aspect that the traditional knowledge of the performances along with the displays of the participants are not adapted or copied without prior approval of the participants. In addition, it can be stated that apart from the organisers as well as the participants, the IP law also affects the spectators of festivals in the UK by a significant level. This can be justified with reference to the fact that the prohibition of taking the photographs of the participants who perform in the festivals might affect the spectators in the UK by a certain degree. As the spectators possess the desire to have a close view of their respective favourite participants in the form of performers, the restriction towards not providing such facility might eventually affect the spectators of festivals in the UK at large (Janke, 2009). Conclusion Thus, on the basis of the above discussion, it can be affirm

Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 12

Management - Essay Example Apart from this is the personality that we also possess to include human inadequacies, creativeness, eccentricity and everything that makes us unique. It has been observed by many commentators and researchers that the status of managers has fluctuated over the years. Management is in a period of decline, particularly in the middle management (Scarbrough and Burrel, 1996, cited in Brocklehurst et al., 2009, p. 7). The decline can be due to many factors, one of which can be traced to our personality and relationship: our relationship with people is affected by our uniqueness as humans. Clegg et al. (2008) deal in their article the complexities of human nature: we can relate this with the decline of the middle management, on the relationship of managers versus employees. Yet what makes this managing unique is that there is no exact definition of successful organization, or â€Å"failure† organization. Organizations will continue to exist for as long as man continues to socialize. The problem is how people behave or interact with each other; the effect is on the organization. In our socializing activities, we commit errors, but which are not really errors – they are a part of our being human. Examples of these errors are stereotyping, self-fulfilling prophecies, the ‘halo’ effect, attribution error, cognitive dissonance, and so forth. These affect our managing people. ‘Stereotyping occurs most commonly in the absence of enough social cues in order to make an informed assessment’ (Kawakami et al., 1998, cited in Clegg et al., 2005, p. 57). The most common issues concerning stereotyping center on culture and race. People have been asked to suppress their stereotyping behavior. ‘Self-fulfilling prophecies’ effect how we perceive others and how we act when we interact with them. If we look at others the way we think of them, they may act the way we perceive of them. We have also to consider the values we have

Program Evaluation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Program Evaluation - Essay Example The violence that has slowly increased since the 1990s is not over, and the public in this nation are not safe from becoming a victim of a violent juvenile crime concerning drugs, and gunfire. Studies have shown that child neglect and abuse has been proven to be directly correlated to violence in a youth’s future. The â€Å"Safe Home’ Youth program aims to prevent violence prevalent among the youth in the United States. This requires minimizing the effects of drugs and guns on the youth. It has been decided that an outcomes-based evaluation will be performed by government officials along with school administrators, at the end of the probation period. The outcomes of this program will show the participants, who are the parents and children, that the program has benefits and prevents youth violence dramatically. The outcomes will enhance knowledge, perception, and economic conditions in public school system communities. With this in mind, the following program evaluation has been designed to determine the effectiveness, efficiency and the cost-benefit. Many approaches to evaluation are possible depending upon the program to be evaluated and the purpose of evaluation. Irrespective of the approach, evaluation must be purposive, empirical and analytical (Maxfield, 2001). Purposive implies to have a specific purpose for conducting the evaluation. The purpose of the program must be known to all and the purpose must be clearly stated. The purpose of the Safe Home program has been clearly explained. The outcome of the evaluation has also been stated. The logic of the program and the logic of the evaluation constitute the analytical element. This implies that all evaluation activities must be logically connected. The program goals have to be clear and they are pursued through a logical model. The data collection activities have to be consistent with the activities and goals. Sample selection should reflect

A Valediction Forbidding Mourning English Literature Essay

A Valediction Forbidding Mourning English Literature Essay John Donnes poem A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning uses many metaphors and allusions to show the love between the author and his significant other. Although the narrator is leaving, he believes their love is strong enough to withstand the separation. He then begins to compare their love to various symbolic things. In John Donnes A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning, his many metaphors and allusions show the power of love and how strong it actually is. In the beginning of Donnes poem, the speaker is explaining that he is soon going to be separated from his lover. Before he leaves, he tells her his leaving should not be a time for mourning and sadness. He then tries to make things better by comparing their love to various things such as a noble mans death, a drawing compass, and the planets. He implies that death should not be feared but be accepted with little sadness. The narrator wants his love to wait for him until his return, and he states their love is too strong not to endure the separation. He explains that their love goes beyond physical love, and that they have a spiritual love that goes beyond the material world and what their bodies can endure. He believes although he is leaving, their souls are still one, and the couple will now experience expansion. Expansion can be defined as the act of increasing in size or volume. The narrator compares this to the way gold can be stretched by beating. He believes the one soul they have will stretch, and it will take the place of the distance between the two. The narrator also uses another example such as the compass. A compass shows a fixed point and one that moves in relation to the north pole. The compass is used to show that when the two are separated his love is the fixed foot on the compass, and he is the foot that moves. The narrator then says, Thy firmness makes my circle just, and makes me end, where I began. He compares his soul and the soul of his love to a twin-compass. Compasses assist sailors in navigating the ocean, and metaphorically they help the two lovers remain linked no matter what the distance. On the compass, no matter how many times the moving foot goes around the circle, the two legs are eventually joined again. The first four lines of the poem suggest that ones soul is only part of the body until death when it goes. The author using the word whisper, indicates that the soul and the body can communicate with each other. One of the most important parts of the poem is the separation of the body and soul. The narrator believes that even death cannot separate his lover and himself because they share the same soul. This needs to be accepted for Donnes point to be proven and by the line Whilst some of their sad friends do say. The breath goes now, and some say, No. This shows that not all friends agree with the narrators point of view. The metaphor of an earthquake in line nine and the celestial spheres in line eleven contribute to the understanding of his loving relationship. Donne uses the lines Moving of thi Earth and trepidation of the spheres to explain how two different huge events can bring harm and fear or innocence. He uses these two events to show the contrast between two bodies and two souls of those who are in love. Donne concludes with two souls cannot be separated like two bodies can. Therefore, if the two lovers bodies are separated by great distance they will be like the compass mentioned earlier in the poem. The points on the compass are wide, but the handle always joins the two together. Throughout the poem Donne argues that although the couple is physically separated they are connected by the soul. Therefore, the distance between the two lovers is insignificant. Although they are spread apart they are not broken. The two still share a strong connection. John Donne uses the whole poem to make his point. He first says that when one passes, the soul separated from the body. He then asserts that two souls mix when two people are in love. They become one, and even death cannot break this bond. He uses the compass to demonstrate this point. By making these points, the narrator is showing his love not to be upset about his leaving. He states he is the moving foot on the compass and has no choice but to leave. However, the compass always makes a circle and he will always find a way back to his love. Even though the separation is temporary, it is very emotional and Donne feels the pain of the separation.

Gretes Transformation in The Metamorphosis by Kafka Essay -- essays r

Kafka wrote "The Metamorphosis" in 1912, taking three weeks to compose the story. While he had expressed earlier satisfaction with the work, he later found it to be flawed, even calling the ending "unreadable." Whatever his own opinion may have been, the short story has become one of the most popularly read and analyzed works of twentieth-century literature. Isolation and alienation are at the heart of this surreal story of a man transformed overnight into a kind of beetle. In contrast to much of Kafka's fiction, "The Metamorphosis" has not a sense of incompleteness. It is formally structured into three Roman-numbered parts, with each section having its own climax. A number of themes run through the story, but at the center are the family relationships affected by the great change in the story's protagonist, Gregor Samsa. Grete,Gregor’s sister, undergoes a transformation parallel to her brother’s. The relationship between Gregor and his sister Grete is perhaps the most unique. It is Grete, after all, with whom the metamorphosed Gregor has any rapport, suggesting the Kafka intended to lend at least some significance to their relationship. Grete's significance is found in her changing relationship with her brother. It is Grete's changing actions, feelings, and speech toward her brother, coupled with her accession to womanhood that seems to parallel Gregor's own metamorphosis. This change represents her metamorphosis from adolescence into adulthood but at the same time it marks the final demise of Gregor. Thus, certain symmetry is to be found in "The Metamorphosis." While Gregor falls in the midst of despair, Grete ascends to a self-sufficient, sexual woman. It is Grete who initially tries conscientiously to d... ... express lost human reality better than dreams do of animal satisfactions (Thiher 44). Grete Samsa's changing actions, feelings, and speech toward her brother, coupled with her accession to womanhood, parallel Gregor's own metamorphosis. Works Cited Kafka, Franz. â€Å"The Metamorphosis.† Philadelphia: Chelsea House Publications, 1988. Nabokov, Vladimir. Lectures on Literature. Orlando: Harcourt Inc., 1980. Ryan, Michael P. â€Å"Samsa and Samsara: Suffering, Death, and Rebirth in ‘The Metamorphosis.’† The German Quarterly 72. No.2. 1999. Literature Resource Center. Gale Group Databases. Davis Schwartz Memorial Lib., Brookville, NY. 5 Dec.2006. . Thiher, Allen. Fiction Refracts Science: Modernist Writers From Proust to Borges. Columbia University of Missouri Press, 2005.

Fragrances in textiles

Abstraction Fragrance coating of fabric stuff has been greatly expanded and used in recent old ages. It can be done by agencies of several aromatic aromas with manner design techniques as embellishment and applique. This thesis focused on aroma and interior decor. In relation to this undertaking, the subject chosen is â€Å"SPA† . SPA in the word which creates an thought of repose, composure and peaceableness in the head. It is the topographic point where aromatherapy is used. The findings provide an apprehension of different techniques and ways used to implement aromatic aroma to fabric for bed sheets. In this probes factors such as comfort ability & A ; relaxation public presentation, lastingness of aroma and laundering belongingss were investigated. The fragranced cloth can be used in place fabric application such as bed sheets, couch screen, table fabric, wall hanging. Chapter 1 Introduction 1.0 Introduction Aromatic aroma is the survey of the consequence of aroma on human behaviour to look into the relationship between feelings and emotions such as relaxation, quieting, alleviating emphasis excitement, sensualness, felicity and good being. ( 1 )Titleâ€Å"Aromatic aroma in place textile†PurposePurposes of this undertaking are to set up a physical connexion between us and aromas through day-to-day usage in place designing 1.3 AimTo analyze the benefits and side effects of aromatherapy on interior designing.To look into the usage of aroma to add olfactory property to bed linen.Explore ways to add aroma finish to textile stuffs.To develop advanced method of fabric use and embroidery utilizing several techniques ( samples )To suggest originative bed sheets and pillow instances designs.1.4 organisation of thesis ( work program ) Chapter 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW This chapter consists of research work carried out harmonizing to the undertaking purpose and onjectives. It provides a brief reappraisal of the method used to add aromatic aroma to fabric and embroidery and technics used to make originative merchandises for interior decor. 2.1 Introduction Home fabric such as bed linen, pillow screens, bed sheets do non stay fresh due to mundane usage. This textile stuff contains a batch of microorganisms that gives off bad smell. Hence aroma coatings are applied. It adds a batch of values to the merchandise and aroma compound infuse a feeling of wellbeing and freshness. 2.2 AROMATHERAPY â€Å"Aromatherapy can be defined as the controlled usage of indispensable oil to keep and advance physical, psychological and religious wellbeing† . ( Gabriel Mojay’s ) Aromatherapy can be defined as the usage of volatile works oil, including indispensable oils for physical and psychological well-being ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.geocities.com/hotspring/spa/4278/findex.html ) . Aromatic may be classified as a kind of medical intervention or a division of holistic medical specialty. At the same clip it may be believed that aromatherapy is a proved scientific discipline used in the bar and healing of disease. Aromatherapy is the curative usage of plant-derived, aromatic necessity oils to advance physical and psychological well-being. It is often utilize in combination with massage and other curative techniques as portion of a holistic intervention attack. Aromatherapy is the usage of concentrated indispensable oil extracted from flowers, herbs and other works parts for curative utilizations against different provinces. Aroma healer used more than 100 oil, which are separated under the persons which strengthen ( e.g. Rosmarinus officinalis ) , tone ( e.g. lemon grass oil ) or relax ( e.g. orange flower ) other oil usage include basil, Citrus bergamia, black Piper nigrum, camphor, cedar, camomile, fennel, olibanum, Hyssopus officinalis, jasmine, lavender Melissa, patchouly and rose, assorted aromas ( e.g. lemon apple-cinnamon ) are said to better enhanced accomplishment of mental undertakings and cut down clerical mistakes. hypertext transfer protocol: //medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Aromatherapy 2.2.1 HISTORY OF AROMATHERAPY Aromatherapy has been polished since aged times. But the existent day of the month ( or clip period ) when aromatherapy might hold been introduced is much debated. Most adept claims that the ancient Egyptian was the first to pattern aromatherapy. Ancient Egyptians disposal distinguished the physical and religious belongingss of these oils and used them in their day-to-day life. The Egyptians used these oils for their embalmment method and over clip they became cognizant of the mending belongingss of these oils ( 2 ) ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.vanderbilt.edu/AnS/psychology/health_psychology/what_is_aromathery.html ) Egypt was considered the birth topographic point of aroma. It’s been 6,000 ago, Egypt discover the curative net incomes of rub downing with indispensable oil. The usage of aromatics spread all around history from Egypt to Israel, Rome, Greek, and the whole Mediterranean universe. Each society formed patterns of aroma utilizing oil, but during that age, a great trade about this acquisition might hold been lost. India is the lone topographic point in the universe where this usage has been ne'er lost. Essential oil landed in Europe from antediluvian states through reformers. The Europeans use this acquisition to their local workss, for illustration lavender, rosemary and thyme. These oil were non accessible to normal or mean individuals, because they were really expensive. Therefore there was a diminution used of indispensable oil. The Gallic chemist Dr. Rene-Maurice Gattefosse who is considered the â€Å"father† of modern twenty-four hours aromatherapy was the first to utilize the term â€Å"aromatherapy† in the twelvemonth 1928. He was really working in his family’s aroma concern and highly fire himself in a bad luck. He burn his manus what’s more forearm to 3rd grade. He puts his manus to the nearest VAT of cold liquid to decrease the hurting. The liquid was lavender oil. He was shocked to happen as much torment lessening and there was no inflammation, redness or rankling. He realized that lavender was mending the burn. The burn cured without a hint or a cicatrix. For Dr. Gattefosse, this started a life-time of find for him larning about indispensable oil. He began to look into lavender oil and continued continuing a big figure of other oils get downing from different workss. He learned after his many researched that the mending belongingss of workss originate in the indispensable oils. In 1937, he published a book on anti-microbial effects of the oils. An probe of history after World War 2 introduces us to Dr. Gattefosse co-worker Dr. Jean Valnet, who was a curative Doctor. He started his ain probe on the belongingss of indispensable oil during the twelvemonth after World War 1. He was a renewing physician in the Gallic armed force during World War 2. Treating assorted kind of lesion. There was an efficiency of supplies and medical specialties run out including antibiotics. He tried indispensable oils, the lesion mended rapidly and infection was lessen. Many combatants were saved due to indispensable oil. Dr. Jean Valnet has written about indispensable oil therapy and in 1964 published the art of aromatherapy and the motion in Europe had metempsychosis. Around those same clip, a Gallic adult male Albert Coureur, published a book on medical utilizations of indispensable oil and Madam Marguerite Maury, a Gallic biochemist make an exceeding system of using indispensable oil to the tegument with massage and established the 1staromatherapy centre in Paris, Great Britain and Switzerland and learned the rejuvenating belongingss of indispensable oils. â€Å"Her research was published as The Secret of Life and Youth ( 1964 ) . Micheline Arcier surveies and worked with Maury and valvet and their combined techniques created a signifier of aromatherapy that is now used around the universe. Many other Gallic medical physicians deeply skilled in curative indispensable oil followed Gattefosse and Valnet. Today thousand pattern aromatherapy in Russia, France, the Ukrain, England and many other states. Most people do non cognize how indispensable oil went to united provinces but if we look at history, we figure a 3rd coevals characteristic therapist from Switzerland, Anna Marie Butler continued the research of indispensable oil. She gets into contact with Dr. Lapraz and Dr. Durrafourd medical practician with indispensable oil. They were besides the president and General Secretary of the Gallic Phyto-Therapy and Aromatherapy association. She took her extended instruction through these and set up the â€Å"phyto-Aromatherapy† institute in the united province to go on her research on indispensable oil. â€Å"as we all hunt for good wellness and look back to the beginning of a circle. Our ascendants gathered medical workss and herbs to make place redresss for all sort of illness† . With scientific discipline exploratory promotion and the presentation of different sorts of chemical drugs, medical specialties we began to put our well-being in the custodies of the medical foundation. For a pill or medicine of some kind for about any complaint ( along with side effects ) we attempt to mend our organic structures and wellness when they are broken alternatively of maintaining them from interrupting in the first topographic point. As a consequence we distance ourselves with nature and the natural ways that could by and large assist us keep our well-being ( mentally and physically ) . Our organic structure can make good occupation at forestalling unwellness and illness if we take good attention of it and supply it with the right things. Our organic structure were non made to procedure chemicals. These same chemicals can be used in natural signifier ( from works non manufactured transcripts ) to maintain us traveling without side effects. ( 3 ) ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.aromatherapynaturalhealing.com/ ) 2.3 ESSENTIAL OILS Essential oils are the elusive, volatile fluid that is refined from workss, bushs, flowers, trees, shrubs and seeds. They are extremely concentrated oils that have a solid aroma. They are usually made through the process of distillment which separate the oil and H2O based compound of a works by steaming. Essential oil in reverse to the word â€Å"oil† is non by and large oil feelings at all. The bulk of indispensable oil is clear. Essential oil contains the echt kernel of the works it was derived from. Essential oils are extremely concentrated. 2.3.1 DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ESSENTIAL OILS AND PERFUM Essential oils are obtain from parts of workss, aroma oils are stimulated made olfactory property or have unreal substances and do non gives the curative advantages that essential oils offer. 2.3.2 ESSENTIAL OIL APPLICATION Few common ways indispensable oils are used today:TOPICALLY Essential oil have a really little size and of the chemical weight of less than 1000m. harmonizing to scientific testing, any substance with a molecular weight below 1000m should be absorbed by the tegument. This mean that indispensable oil have the capacity to perforate the tegument and base on balls into the blood watercourse and into separate zone of the organic structure for internal curative benefits.Figure 1 locallyAROMATICALLY there is cogent evidence that indispensable oil are absorbed into the blood stream when breathed in. the extended sum of blood vass in the lungs absorbed the oils and so go around them all around the organic structure. Using a diffusor can assist you see the advantages of indispensable oil. You can spread lavender to cut down emphasis, melaleuca to cleanse the air, wild orange to better temper, olibanum for religious enlightenment.figure 2 AromaticallyIngestion indispensable oil can be used as p owerful medical specialties. Most indispensable oils are safe for internal usage but a small spot goes long manner. By and large 1-3 beads is assorted with H2O Oils like Mentha piperita, lemon, frankincense bring extraordinary internal benefit and can be taken with H2O.figure 3 consumptionPERSONAL CARE Today the fastest manner indispensable oils are being utilized by doing place made DIY personal attention merchandises. An first-class manner to take benefits of indispensable oils to heighten your beauty, place and long term well-being. Some of the best DIY formulas to utilize indispensable oil with includes ; shampoo, toothpaste, lip balm, organic structure butter and family cleansing agent.figure 4 personal attentionDr. Axe’s Essential Oils Guide(hypertext transfer protocol: //draxe.com/essential-oils-guide/ ) 2.4 AROMATIC FRAGRANCE AS HOME PERFUME Mentions ONLINE SOURCEAromachology – Wikipedia, the free encyclopaedia en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AromachologyWhat is Aromatherapyand where did it come from,Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.vanderbilt.edu/AnS/psychology/health_psychology/what_is_aromathery.html ( Accessed: 20th January 2015 ) .DebraAromatherapy & A ; natural healing,Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.aromatherapynaturalhealing.com/Aboutme.html ( Accessed: 28th febuary 2015 ) .Dr. Axe’s Essential Oils Guide,Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //draxe.com/essential-oils-guide/ ( Accessed: 28th febuary 2015 ) .Sophie Borland ( 21 October 2011 )Can aromatherapy oils toxicant you? How bantam atoms ‘may harm liver and kidneys ‘Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.dailymail.co.uk/femail/article-2051976/How-aromatherapy-oils-poison-Tiny-particles-oils-damage-liver-kidneys.html( Accessed: 10th December 2015 ) .Fernando Tovia/Philadelphia University/ ToviaF @ PhilaU. edu /Applied Operations Research Natalie Weathers/Philadelphia University/ WeathersN @ PhilaU.edu /Textile and Apparel Marketing ( 2005 )Scent-Infused Fabrics to Enhance Consumer Experiences,Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.ntcresearch.org/pdf-rpts/AnRp05/F05-PH03-A5.pdf ( Accessed: 30th November 2014 ) .

Torture and Terrorism in the Modern World

Torture and Terrorism in the Modern World Torture inflicts severe pain to force someone to do or say something and has been used against prisoners-of-war, suspected insurgents and political prisoners for hundreds of years. In the 1970s and 1980s, governments began to identify a specific form of violence called terrorism and to identify prisoners as terrorists. This is when the history of torture and terrorism begins. While many countries practice torture against political prisoners, only some name their dissidents terrorists or face potential threats from terrorism. Torture and Terrorism Around the World: Governments have used systematic torture in conflicts with rebel, insurgent or resistance groups in long-running conflicts since the 1980s. It is questionable whether these should always be called terrorism conflicts. Governments are likely to call their non-state violent opponents terrorists, but only sometimes are they clearly engaged in terrorist activity. Israeli Supreme Court License to Torture RulingRussian torture in the Chechnya warEgyptian torture of domestic and foreign terrorists Detainee Interrogation Practices Considered to be Torture: The issue of torture in relation to terrorism was raised publicly in the United States in 2004 when news of a 2002 Memorandum issued by the Justice Department for the CIA suggested that torturing Al Qaeda and Taliban detainees captured in Afghanistan might be justified to prevent further attacks on the U.S. A subsequent memo, requested by former Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld in 2003, similarly justified torture on detainees held at the Guantanamo Bay detention center. Definition of TortureHoodingSleep Deprivation and  WaterboardingAmerican torture methodsThe Crucifixion of Manadel Al Jamadi, Abu Ghraib Prison Detainee Terrorism and Torture: Selected Reports and Legislation Since 9/11: In the years immediately preceding the 9/11 attacks, there was no question that torture as an interrogation practice is out-of-bounds for American military personnel. In 1994, the United States passed a law prohibiting the use of torture by American military under any circumstances. Furthermore, the U.S. was bound, as a signatory, to comply with the 1949 Geneva Convention, which prohibits torturing prisoners-of-war. After 9//11 and the beginning of a Global War on Terror, the Department of Justice, Department of Defense and other offices of the Bush Administration issued a number of reports on whether aggressive detainee interrogation practices and suspending Geneva Conventions is legitimate in the current context. Here are rundowns of a few key documents. 2002: Justice DepartmentTorture Memo2003: Defense Department Working Group Report, Detainee Interrogation in the Global War on Terror2006: Bush and Senate Agree to New Legislation2006: Military Commissions Act International Conventions Against Torture: Despite ongoing debates about whether torture is justified against terrorism suspects, the world community finds torture consistently finds torture repugnant under any circumstances. Its not a coincidence that the first of the declarations below appeared in 1948, just after the end of the Second World War. The revelation of Nazi torture and science experiments performed on German citizens in World War II produced a global abhorrence of torture, anytime, anywhere, conducted by any party- but especially sovereign states. International Conventions Against Torture1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights1948 European Convention on Human Rights1955 Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners1966 International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights1969 American Convention on Human Rights1975 World Medical Association Declaration of Tokyo1975 Declaration on the Protection of All Persons from Torture1984 Convention Against Torture Also see: Human Rights and Terrorism: An Overview \ Torture Interrogation in a Time of Terror: Analysis of Legal Issues

The People, Leisure, and Culture of Blacks During the Harlem essays

The People, Leisure, and Culture of Blacks During the Harlem essays It seems unfair that the pages of our history books or even the lecturers in majority of classrooms speak very little of the accomplishments of blacks. They speak very little of a period within black history in which many of the greatest musicians, writers, painters, and influential paragon' emerged. This significant period in time was known as the Harlem Renaissance. Blacks attained the opportunity to work at upper-class jobs, own their own homes, and establish status among themselves. To no ones surprise, they still were not accepted into the so called upper-class of white society, but they neither worried nor became distressed over the fact. They created societies of their own which opened doors for blacks to attain opportunities that were absolutely unheard of, just before the Renaissance. It was from this same society where the beautiful melodies of jazz emerged. Colleagues and peers of their own race, which created a powerful bond between them, accepted Blacks. The attitudes wh ich prompted the movement were those that came about because of the beginning of : (1) the nationalist tendencies of the time, (2) the movement of black Americans from slavery to freedom and from rural to city living, (3) Afro- Americans renewed pride in their African heritage, and (4) the influences of the period bounded by the close of the Civil War and the economic collapse of the 1930s. From education, to the stage of Broadway, to music, and to a revived race, blacks possessed more intelligence, talent, and ingenuity then they will ever be given credit for and it all began with the Harlem Renaissance. The Harlem Renaissance, also known as the New Negro Movement, was the greatest of literary periods in which creativity and vehemence were clearly expressed. Literature was no longer a white write looking at the black experience from his/her perspective, making judgments and trying to find under...

Sleep Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Sleep - Essay Example Sleep might be a way through which brain recharging is achieved. Also, brains have an opportunity to shut down as well as ensure repair of neurons and on the other hand exercise essential connections of neurons, which may otherwise become compromised due to activity deficiency. Sleep grants brains that vital chance to make a reorganization of data to aid in finding a solution to a predicament, process newly obtained information as we as re-organize and save memories. Sleep declines human rate metabolism and also the consumption of energy. In both children and also young adults, hormones of growth are released while sleeping. However it is vital to note that circadian rhythms greatly influence the timing, amount and quality of sleep. (sleepdex.org, 2011) Even prior to human knowledge about what biological clock entails, it was human knowledge that some humans are ‘morning persons’ or ‘evening persons’. This is, in other words, genetic. Evening persons take a longer time period in their rhythm of circadian hence they do not sleepy as time to sleep approaches. (Pihlajamaa-Glimmerveen. 2005) Average human adults require around an eight-hour sleep. Children still growing requires more hours. Deprivation of sleep has been portrayed to shorten the life span. Lack of sleep leads to; memory predicaments, immune responses, lower levels temperatures, and swings of moods.

Movie review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 8

Movie Review Example One of the aspects of the Iranian society that has been shown in the documentary is the anti-U.S protests. The highly-educated society has demonstrated against the U.S government on several occasions. It is vital to note that the anti-U.S protests are not aimed against the U.S people, but against the U.S policies on the Middle East and Iran. In addition to the anti-U.S protests, the film show the functioning of Iranian propaganda (Omaar, 2012). Iranian propaganda is different from the U.S propaganda because it is strict. Iran has blatant censorship of media content. This differs from the subtle censorship used by U.S media. The BBC documentary on Iran highlights the misrepresentation and misunderstanding of the Iranian society and Islamic culture. The aim of the documentary is to use local Iranians to give their stories and perceptions about different issues. The documentary helps in the understanding that Iranians are picking up elements of Western societies. Most of the people outside Iran think that Iranians are against American citizens. All the same, the documentary succeeds in showing that they are against the policies of the American

Critical appraisal of a Harrogate Stakeholder framework Essay

Critical appraisal of a Harrogate Stakeholder framework - Essay Example The skills required for organizations of such events include a competitive bidding process, incentives and reward schemes and exposure to risks. Knowledge of appropriate marketing tools such as virtual events that allows people to participate in destination events by obtaining materials from the web is vital. As a leading British conference and exhibition town, Harrogate’s poor infrastructure is detrimental to its status as an International event destination. Poor transport links and lack of hotel rooms caused one of the major visitor organizations to change its destination to Manchester. In working with other stakeholders groups, the destination will benefit a lot. This is so because, the government will act as a catalyst in speeding up the destinations promotion, through policy and legislative formulations as well as funding. Since there lacks good service link of the town with other major towns such as London, while traffic congestion is huge during major events, the collaboration of the destination with the government and other relevant authorities will see it benefit in terms of improved transport facilities. Other organizations such as the Puma hotel will enable t provide ample facilities to satisfy its clientele and build a good reputation for more visits from other differen t groups. There are two major aspects that can be applied to ensure that this Event Destination is no longer in a losing end. The application of the Inter-organizational Relationship and Organization theory, coupled with the Gartrell’s destination team model. Harrogate is a popular destination due to its exhibition halls, integrated and sophisticated conference, excellent accommodation, spacious parklands and gardens, hotels, bars and restaurants located in close proximity, its competitiveness is deterred by the transport infrastructure. Compared to the city of Manchester which has convention facilities, range of accommodation and convenient transport infrastructure, the town of Harrogate is not as competitive. The city of Manchester has been ranked one of the world's most successful conference destinations (Danny, 1977 p181). According to the Inter-organizational Relationship and Organization theory, the role of stakeholders in an organization ranges from that of cooperating with the organization to that of threatening the organization. An organization cannot be self sufficient, and as such has to depend on its interaction with other organizations and the stakeholders in order to have its activities as a success. The dependence of the organization on the said organizations or stakeholders is determined by the control that the stakeholder has over the resources, which are vital for the existence and running of the organization in question (Sheehan and Ritchie, 2004 p4). Since stakeholders are referred to as those entities that affect or are affected by the operations and the outcomes of an organization, then there is a need to analyze how the different stakeholders are party to the operations and outcomes of thee organizational and rank them accordingly. The entities with a great effect or who are primarily affected by the organizations activities then becomes the forefront concern. While the primary stakeholders are directly involved and

Assessment and Child Essay Example for Free

Assessment and Child Essay Assessments are very important in determining how to teach our children and where they are in terms of development. There are many types of assessments that can be beneficial in helping determine how to approach the learning style of each child as an individual instead of as a whole group. While each assessment is structurally different, they can produce results which give us insight on where our children are during different stages of their lives. There are both formal and informal assessments that can be used. â€Å"Formal assessments are norm-referenced tests that have standardized, formal procedures for administering, timing and scoring. They have been â€Å"normed† or administered to a representative sample of similar age or grade level students so that final test results can be compared to students of similar characteristics. Test results indicate a person’s relative performance in the group. These standardized tests must be administered as specified in the manual to ensure valid and reliable results†(ERIC Clearinghouse on Assessment and Evaluation). There is another type of formal assessment called criterion-referenced test. These type of test measure what the person is able to do and indicate what skills have been mastered. A CRT compares a person’s performance with their past performances. â€Å"In criterion-referenced measurement, the emphasis is on assessing specific and relevant behaviors that have been mastered rather than indicating the relative standing in the group†(ERIC Clearinghouse on Assessment and Evaluation). Formal assessments can prove to be beneficial as far as comparing test scores over a period of time and how the child is developing over that same period. While formal assessments are useful they also have flaws in them. Standardized test can make a child feel like pressure and anxiety. In a lot of situations when a child feels like this they will not do their best on any type of assessment. Another problem with these types of tests is that they use the same set of questions for all the children and are not sensitive to the situations that different children endure. Children who live in poor and underdeveloped environments may not be exposed to certain ways of life and may not have the same advantages of acquiring knowledge as the other children they go to school with. This will automatically put them at a disadvantage in school and on test they may take. There is another way to do an assessment that is better suited for the child and does not make them feel so uncomfortable and that is an informal assessment. An informal assessment focuses on play and observation of the child and not a test of sorts. By observing the child in a certain situation you can record how they act and how they respond to different situations and stimuli that are presented to them. You can use check-list and rating scales to record your findings and document them and file them away in a portfolio. Another way to do an informal assessment is by parent interviews. You can find out a lot of valuable information by asking the parents questions about their child. Over the past few years teachers have placed more emphasis informal testing than formal testing. â€Å"Some districts have increased the use of curriculum-based measurements(CBM). Several samples of a student’s performance are collected, using items drawn from the local curriculum, usually in basic skill subjects of reading, math, spelling and written expression. Such brief tests are called â€Å"probes†(ERIC Clearinghouse on Assessment and Evaluation). One form of an informal assessment is the Battelle Developmental Inventory. â€Å"The Battelle Developmental Inventory is an assessment for infants and children through age seven. It is a flexible, semi-structured assessment that involves observation of the child, interviews with parents and caregivers, developmental and social history, and interaction with the child using game-like materials, toys, questionnaires, and tasks† (Logsdon). This type of assessment is used to make sure that infants and children are reaching their developmental milestones or showing early signs of learning disabilities or developmental delays. This assessment can also be used through examiner/child and parent/child interaction. Examiners observe the child’s responses and score them based on standardized criteria. The parent caregiver input is also important in the assessment because it is used to gather information about the child’s history and interactions that take place beyond the testing session. When this assessment is used to observe the toddler through preschool development it is mostly done by tasks that involve testing the child with games, toys and tasks. They observe how the child follows directions, interacts with others, and how they perform certain tasks. Parent information is used to assess areas that can’t be observed during the testing session. The performance scores are based on standardized criteria. The Battelle is used to assess five components of development. They are adaptive behavior, personal and social skills, communication including expressive and receptive language, gross and fine motor skills, and finally cognitive skills are included. The results of this assessment can be used to determine if there are delays and how significant they are based on the age group the child is in. Another good assessment tool is play-based assessment. This is simply observing the child in their natural environment. By doing this the observer is able to see interactions between the child and their peers as well as how they speak, the language they use and their motor abilities. It is good to record all this information and keep it in an ongoing portfolio. By keeping a written record of what has been observed and any areas of concern you may suspect, you will have more information to share with the parents and find the proper method of dealing with the problems. I feel there is a major advantage when you use an informal assessment as opposed to a formal one. With formal assessments you can never really tell how smart a child really is. These types of assessments are based on statistics of a large group of children not the children as individuals. Just because children do well on a test does not necessarily make them smarter than others, it simply means they have better test taking skills. There are lots of times that the smartest people do horrible on tests just because they suffer from anxiety and get nervous. You can take the same kids that do poorly on a test and give them an informal assessment where they feel comfortable and you will get different results. Standardized tests are not a reliable means of assessing intelligence based on the fact stated above. These types of tests are often overused in this country and they do not take into account the comfort level or socioeconomic background of the child being tested. These play a more important role in test taking than the test itself. This is the number one reason kids are misdiagnosed for having  learning disabilities and other disorders such as ADHD. I also feel that a good relationship with the parents is essential in determining the educational needs of the child. No one knows their children better than the parents or caregivers. They are the ones who spend the most time with the children and can fill you in on patterns of behavior not seen during a certain test taking session. Parents are the most important resources you can obtain information from when dealing with children. I would strive to keep the parents informed of everything that was going on with their child and how to help them with anything that raised a red flag. The parents should always be informed when an assessment is going to be used. A parent could be upset when their child is going to be tested for a development problem without their consent. If you explain the process and how it can help to determine if the child is developmentally behind it can ease the parent’s mind and make everyone more comfortable. I feel that assessments can be beneficial if they are conducted in the proper manner. Making a child feel more comfortable in their environment is the best way to truly assess them and find out if they are lagging in certain areas of development. It is equally important to always keep the parents involved in all decisions affecting their child and the processes used to assess them. The information used by assessments can help make sure children are developmentally on track, just remember the most important factor is the comfort level of the child. Without assessments a plan of action cannot be implemented or executed if the child is behind in any facet of development. Bibliography Logsdon Ann. Testing for Infant and Toddler Development. About. com Guide. http://learningdisabilities. about. com/od/intelligencetests/p/battelledevelop. htm. Accessed on December 10, 2012. ERIC Clearinghouse on Assessment and Evaluation. Assessments for Young Children. 1999. http://www. 1donline. org/article /6040/ Accessed December 10, 2012. Sue C. Wortham (2012). Assessment in Early Childhood Education. 6th ed.